What is the primary function of sewage treatment plants?

The primary function of sewage treatment plants is to eliminate pathogens. These facilities are designed to process wastewater and sewage to remove harmful microorganisms that can pose health risks to humans and the environment. By treating sewage through various stages, such as screening, sedimentation, and biological treatment, sewage treatment plants effectively reduce the population of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. This critical function not only protects public health but also helps in safeguarding ecosystems that could be impacted by untreated waste entering water bodies.

While reducing odor, absorbing nutrients, and increasing water clarity are also significant aspects of wastewater treatment, they are typically secondary benefits or processes that support the overarching goal of ensuring that treated water is safe. The elimination of pathogens is fundamental to the purpose of sewage treatment, making it the primary function of these facilities.